A. A. Alhaj Hasan

Physics-Informed Neural Networks as an Integrated Computational Methodology: A Critical Review of Formulation, Training, and Evaluation

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have developed from residual constrained neural approximations into a heterogeneous family of scientific computing formulations, combining governing equations, observations, numerical operators, and optimization. This review examines how formulation, training, and evaluation int...