Wing-In-Ground (WIG) effect craft represent a compelling high-speed maritime transportation solution for archipelagic nations, yet their global adoption remains constrained by fragmented regulatory frameworks and the absence of nationally adapted construction standards. This study proposes a national regulatory and construction framework for WIG craft tailored to Indonesia's tropical archipelagic conditions, using a systematic mapping study of 32 peer-reviewed and regulatory sources retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The results establish three key contributions. First, a three-tier classification system (Type A: exclusive ground effect; Type B: transitional capability; Type C: full aircraft mode) is proposed to facilitate phased adoption with progressively stringent certification requirements. Second, a hybrid material strategy combining marine-grade aluminum alloys (hull) with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (wings and stabilizers) is validated as optimal for tropical corrosion resistance and weight efficiency, with potential payload improvements of 30–40% over all-aluminum designs. Third, a redundant propulsion architecture with multi-stage Foreign Object Damage (FOD) filtration achieving ≥95% particulate removal efficiency is established as mandatory for safe operations in Indonesia's littoral environment. Operational analysis of the Java Sea demonstrates that Type A WIG craft could achieve approximately 80% annual uptime, reducing the Surabaya–Bawean transit from 3–4 hours to 45–60 minutes. This framework addresses the legal vacuum created by the absence of national WIG regulations and provides a replicable model for other tropical archipelagic nations.
A. A. Priadi, Tri Cahyadi, S. P. Simatupang et al.· Dinasti International Journa...· 0 citations
Background: Wing-in-Ground-effect (WIG) craft generate lift by operating at the air–water interface, enabling a unique mode of very high-speed maritime transport that is particularly suited to the highly complex nature of coastal and archipelagic regions. However, their distinctive operating characteristics high speed and low altitude present significant safety issues that require advanced navigation and communication systems.
Objective: This paper investigates navigation and communication systems associated with the safety of WIG craft under relevant international maritime rules (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea SOLAS; IMO Guidelines for Wing-in-Ground Craft (MSC.1/Circ.1592).
Methods: A qualitative regulatory analysis and R&D methodology is used to analyze the alignment of international standards with WIG operational requirements, as well as to examine barriers to the implementation of domestic maritime systems.
Results: In the marine context, this study identifies major navigational technologies such as GNSS, radar, AIS, and integrated bridge systems for navigational awareness and collision avoidance. The integration of GMDSS communications and satellite-based technologies is indispensable for enabling coherent coordination and emergency response operations. SOLAS provisions do not fully satisfy all WIG operational requirements, while the application of IMO guidelines may result in disparate standards across jurisdictions.
Conclusion: A harmonized and risk-based navigation and communication safety framework is proposed, integrating SOLAS provisions and IMO WIG Guidelines to address identified regulatory gaps. The framework aims to promote regulatory consistency and support the safe integration of WIG craft into national and international maritime transport systems.
D. Widarbowo, Fajar Gumelar, Maltus Jackline Kapistrano et al.· Equivalent: Jurnal Ilmiah So...· 0 citations