Effect of localized thermal history on martensitic microstructure and microhardness variation in wire-arc additively manufactured 17–4 PH stainless steel beads
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) enables rapid and low-cost fabrication of large steel components. However, cumulative thermal history along a single bead can cause significant variations in microstructure and properties at fixed parameters, a concern for 17 − 4 PH stainless steel, whose martensitic transformatio...