As quantum software stacks scale up to support future fault-tolerant quantum hardware and algorithms, quantum compilation is becoming an increasingly important component of the stack. How do we ensure that our software stacks support dynamic algorithms, including patterns such as mid-circuit measurement feedforward and repeat-until-success, with hundreds of logical qubits and billions of quantum operations? To do so, we must re-think how we represent quantum programs beyond straight-line circuits, to representations that include classical structure and dynamism, and make this the default representation to consider when performing quantum compilation. In this work, we present important patterns and algorithms from fault-tolerant quantum applications which admit a structured representation that we argue is crucial to preserve, and set a challenge to the community to compile such representations without unrolling them into straight-line quantum circuits. We also explore the status quo of structured program support in quantum software, and ask ourselves the rhetorical question: how much more efficient can we make quantum compilation tooling when we take into account the additional information from classical structure?
Damian Rovara, Daniel Haag, Mark Koch et al.· 0 citations
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is difficult to recognize in the emergency department (ED), where onset is often unknown and treatment may be delayed. To what extent treatment timing and dose adequacy are associated with outcome in NCSE remains debated. In this single-center electroencephalography (EEG)-based study, adults with NCSE diagnosed in the ED were included. Timing was measured using ED arrival as a temporal anchor. Outcomes were failure to return to baseline at discharge and in-hospital mortality. Among 74 patients (mean age 66.8), 38 (51.4%) failed to return to baseline and 14 (18.9%) died. ED benzodiazepines (BDZs) were administered in 43 patients (58.1%) and anti-seizure medications (ASMs) in 71 (95.9%). Median times to BDZ and ASM administration were 184 and 223 min, respectively. After adjustment for Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS), potentially fatal etiology, and premorbid modified Rankin Scale score, time to ASM (odds ratio [OR]: 1.11 per hour; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.22; p = .037) and ASM underdosing (OR: 3.43; 95% CI: 1.10-10.68; p = .034) were independently associated with failure to return to baseline, with time to BDZ showing a non-significant trend. BDZ underdosing was not associated with functional outcome, and no treatment variable was associated with mortality. These findings support early EEG-based recognition and rapid, adequately dosed ASM treatment as key targets in ED-NCSE management.
Francesco Misirocchi, Alice Ballabeni, Maddalena Frapporti et al.· Epilepsia· 0 citations
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