Open access
Sep 2026
An advanced carbon/bismuth oxide nanoparticle-based filament for multifunctional 3D-printed electrochemical sensors toward paracetamol and lead in pharmaceutical, clinical, and environmental electroanalysis
3D printing offers a powerful, scalable approach to fabricating low-cost, high-performance electrochemical sensors for pharmaceutical and bioanalytical applications. We report the development of a 3D-printed graphite/polylactic acid (G/PLA) conductive composite electrode modified with bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3...
N. M. Caldas, Amanda G. Batista, D. M. Alves et al.
· Microchimica Acta · 0 citations