Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Resistance in Genitourinary Cancers: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) axes have transformed the treatment landscape of genitourinary (GU) malignancies, yielding durable responses in subsets of patients with urothelial carc...