Renin-angiotensin system inhibition and survival in elderly HFrEF with CKD: a target trial emulation
Elderly patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are underrepresented in clinical trials. While ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are cornerstone therapies for HFrEF, concerns about renal deterioration lead to underuse in patie...