Non-HLA Antibodies in Kidney Transplantation: Mediators of Allograft Injury or Markers of Dysregulated Humoral Immunity?
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) remains a major cause of kidney allograft injury and loss. Although donor-specific antibodies against human leukocyte antigens (HLA-DSAs) are central to humoral alloimmunity, they do not explain all cases of microvascular inflammation or graft dysfunction. This review critically evalua...