Large Language Models (LLMs) recognise patterns but do not natively track the path of exclusions that a coherent discourse demands. When an input rests on a fabricated authority, a misapplied mechanism, or a surreptitious analogy, an unsteered LLM tends to engage with it as if it were grounded, and to reify the misstep into any structured output it generates. Logic-Augmented Generation (LAG) with POLANYI++, an LLM-steering method that uses heuristics, ontologies and problem solving methods for tacit knowledge extraction, produces an Extended Knowledge Graph (XKG) in OWL2, but inherits the same vulnerability: a sophisticated nonsensical input is reified into the graph alongside the legitimate triples, and is hardly detectable by automated reasoners since the XKG is generated jointly with the wrong assumptions. We introduce DARKSIDE, a coherence auditing method on top of POLANYI++. It formalises the trail as an explicit data structure of accumulated exclusions over discourse time, complemented by a warrant axis that classifies each named referent as Warranted, Unattested, Misattributed or Fabricated, with an escalation rule that pushes the DelegationRiskAssessment to UNSAFE when the fabricated rate is positive or the unsupported rate exceeds a threshold. We evaluate DARKSIDE as a steering layer over a Gemini 3 on BSBench, a 100-item adversarial corpus of sophisticated-sounding nonsense across software engineering, finance, healthcare, physics and law, with Claude Sonnet 4.6 as an independent judge. The empirical evidence supports an architectural claim: when an LLM forward pass is wrapped in an ontology-mediated negative-trail apparatus, the structural pattern-vs-path gap can be partially scaffolded. The XKG functions as the missing memory, and the warrant axis as an epistemic firewall.
Ontology extension refers to the process of enriching an existing ontology in response to emerging requirements, making it more complete. This task is a resource-intensive and error-prone process. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance on generating ontologies from scratch, but current approaches rarely tie ontology extension explicitly to requirements or reusable core models, and offer limited, systematic evaluation of LLM outputs. This paper introduces OntoExtend, a requirements-driven framework for ontology extension with LLMs. It uses retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) over relevant input ontologies and requirements in the form of competency questions to propose grounded extensions. We evaluate OntoExtend on 39 CQs from two use cases: a public EU-project ontology, Onto-DESIDE, and an industrial ontology from Bosch. The generated fragments show few structural issues, satisfy all functional evaluation tests, and are rated by ontology engineers as requiring minor to moderate revision before integration. These results suggest that OntoExtend is useful as a drafting assistant for requirement-driven ontology extension in real world scenarios, while remaining sensitive to CQ specificity and modelling profile.
Anna Sofia Lippolis, Mohammad Javad Saeedizade, Stefan Schmid et al.· 0 citations