Asynchronous reinforcement-learning post-training of large language models is computationally efficient but inherently off-policy: the learner updates on rollouts generated by a stale policy, while correcting this mismatch requires importance weights that can be extremely heavy-tailed. A small number of trajectories ma...
Language-model agents revise their working context as information becomes obsolete, but deleting text does not erase its influence on cached computation. Later key-value (KV) states remain conditioned on the deleted content, while recomputing the entire retained suffix can be costly. We introduce budgeted KV-cache repa...
Han Yu, Wen-Hui Zhu, Jincheng Cao et al.· 0 citations
Hierarchical reinforcement learning improves long-horizon control by organizing primitive actions around persistent subgoals and assigning credit at multiple temporal scales. Recent hierarchical language agents bring these benefits to interactive tasks by explicitly separating subgoal planning from action execution. We...
Long-output reasoning shifts the KV-cache bottleneck from the fixed prompt to the generated trace. Existing reasoning-cache eviction methods largely treat cached entries as routing objects, estimating whether an old key will still be read, will recur, or can be replaced. This routing-only view overlooks two effects: lo...
Han Yu, Wen-Hui Zhu, Xi-Wen Chen et al.· 0 citations
Agentic reinforcement learning (RL) trains a large language model (LLM) to act over long, multi-step interactions. However, a single localized error can cause task failure, while trajectory-level rewards provide limited guidance for assigning credit to individual decisions. To address this limitation, we introduce Segm...
Xin-Chen Du, Zheng-Ze Zhou, Wen-Hui Zhu et al.· 0 citations
TREK (Teacher-Routed Exploration via Forward KL), a simple staged procedure that uses distillation not for imitation but for exploration support expansion, achieves high success rates early in training while unaided GRPO requires substantially more optimization steps to reach comparable levels.
