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This study examines the legal implications of artificial intelligence-generated evidence in criminal proceedings, focusing on evidentiary admissibility, due process protection, and regulatory accountability. Using a doctrinal legal research design combined with comparative legal analysis, the study analyzes legislation, judicial developments, policy documents, and academic literature concerning the use of AI-generated evidence across multiple jurisdictions. The findings reveal that existing evidentiary doctrines remain applicable but are increasingly challenged by algorithmic opacity, limited explainability, reliability concerns, and the emergence of synthetic media. The study further demonstrates that AI-generated evidence may affect defendants’ ability to challenge evidentiary claims, thereby creating potential risks to procedural fairness and fair trial rights. The novelty of this research lies in the development of an integrated normative framework that connects traditional evidentiary principles with contemporary AI governance standards. The study contributes to ongoing debates regarding the regulation of AI within criminal justice systems and provides practical recommendations for strengthening transparency, accountability, and procedural safeguards in the use of AI-generated evidence.
Smart stimuli-responsive injectable hydrogels are new generation of drug delivery systems that promise to revolutionize the field of drug delivery by combining the benefits of minimally invasive drug delivery systems with spatial and temporal control over drug release. This report aims to summarize the recent advances in the design of stimuli-responsive injectable hydrogels, including the polymer backbone, such as polysaccharide-derived hyaluronic acid, and synthetic poly(NIPAM), poly(PEG), and poly(zwitterionic)s, as well as the various cross-linking chemistries, including Schiff base, Michael addition, and physical cross-linking, that enable the design of injectable hydrogels that undergo a solution-to-gel transition in situ in response to various stimuli, such as pH, redox, enzymes, light, ultrasound, and temperature, among others. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current advances, mechanisms, and perspectives of smart stimuli-responsive injectable hydrogels, including their applications in oncology, ophthalmology, and neurology, as well as their successful outcomes in completely curing tumours, 75% tumour regression using a GSH-responsive peptide gel, and significant functional repair in spinal cord injury repairs using microenvironment-responsive matrices, among many other applications of injectable hydrogels in drug delivery systems. The translation of injectable hydrogels into the clinic, however, is currently hampered by the difficulties in long-term biocompatibility profiling, large-scale sterile production, and regulatory hurdles associated with combination drug products