Treatment effects on sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptors in major depressive disorder: implications for biomarkers
The diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) currently relies on subjective clinical assessments, highlighting a critical need for objective biological markers. The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway, a pivotal regulator of neuro-immune interactions, has emerged as a potential contributor to MDD pathop...