Automatic Kidney Image Segmentation During Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy Using a Deep Learning Model Based on a Multiannotator Dataset: Model Development and Validation Study
Background Augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a promising tool to enhance surgical precision during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), particularly by enabling the intraoperative overlay of 3D anatomical models. However, real-time AR implementation requires robust image segmentation of anatomical structures,...