Evaluation of StoneSense™ automatic target recognition in thulium fibre laser lithotripsy: a multi-model in vitro study.
OBJECTIVES To determine the maximal stone-to-fibre firing distance permitted by StoneSense™ (IPG Medical, Marlborough, MA, USA) automatic target recognition (ATR) integrated into a thulium fibre laser (TFL) system, and to evaluate its effects on ablation efficiency, energy delivery, and thermal dispersion in complement...