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A. Murugan

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Preprint Aug 2026

Does the LM Head Create a Harmful Gradient Bottleneck? A Causal Test

Controls show that repeated-token failures are confounded by the number of independently sampled symbols, that adding never-target output classes does not impair learning, and that projection diagnostics do not reliably predict progress in the authors' runs.

A. Murugan · 1 citation

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