Open access
Oct 2026
The effect of a PD-1/CTLA-4 tandem scFv on T cell cytokine response under immunosuppressive conditions
Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4 has shown promise in cancer immunotherapy; however, limitations such as immune resistance and toxicity from combined full-length antibodies remain. Tandem single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) offer a novel bispecific approach with potentially improved tissue p...
F. Maleki, Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati, N. Esmaeil et al.
· Research in Pharmaceutical S... · 0 citations