Cardiorenal Syndrome and Contemporary Therapeutic Paradigms in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are bidirectionally linked, with declining renal function amplifying cardiovascular injury and preexisting CVD accelerating renal decline. As the estimated glomerular filtration rate falls, cardiovascular mortality escalates sharply, accounting for up to 50%...