Dementia is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that involves a
gradual loss of functions of the brain, such as memory, reasoning, and attention. This review
will assess the association between Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and the pharmacological
treatment of dementia for diagnosis and treatment.
A narrative review was conducted using literature retrieved from Google Scholar,
ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases. Relevant peer-reviewed studies published between 2000
and 2025 related to dementia, AI, machine learning, neuroimaging, and pharmacotherapy were
analysed. A total of 141 eligible articles were included and thematically reviewed.
Artificial Intelligence methods such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Generative
Adversarial Networks (GANs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Natural Language
Processing (NLP) technologies have significantly improved the detection and classification
of dementia using neuroimaging, speech analysis, and cognitive assessment data in very
early or early stages of diagnosis. Newer advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as MRI and
PET, provide clinicians with more accurate test results and allow for more precise measurement.
The continued use of pharmacological approaches, such as donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine,
memantine, piracetam, and nootropic agents, remains the mainstay of symptomatic treatment
and support for additional cognition. The combination of AI-assisted drug discovery and
predictive modelling showed promise for developing personalised treatment methods while
speeding up the development of new therapies.
The combination of artificial intelligence with traditional dementia treatment methods
enables medical professionals to diagnose patients earlier, make better treatment decisions,
and deliver customised care to individual patients. Medical professionals face major challenges
that prevent them from using the technology due to issues with data protection, system understanding,
and medical validation.
The use of AI in diagnostic and treatment methods is a new development with potential
for improving dementia care. The process of developing dementia care solutions needs
more interdisciplinary research to improve AI models, test their clinical use, and develop successful
personalised treatment methods.
Namrata Bhadauria, A. Singh, Niranjan Kaushik et al.· Current Signal Transduction...· 0 citations
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics represent transformative approaches in precision pharmacology, enabling targeted gene silencing and protein expression, respectively. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of their molecular mechanisms, delivery strategies, clinical applications, and future directions. By leveraging RNA interference for siRNA and translational machinery for mRNA, these therapeutics address previously untreatable diseases, including genetic disorders, cancers, and infectious diseases. Advances in nanoparticle- based delivery systems, such as lipid nanoparticles, have overcome historical barriers like RNA instability and immune activation. Current clinical applications, including FDA-approved therapies, highlight their efficacy, while ongoing challenges, such as off-target effects and scalable production, are discussed. Future directions emphasize personalized medicine, combination therapies, and novel delivery platforms to enhance therapeutic precision and accessibility.
Ritu Dahiya, A. Singh, Pooja Mathur et al.· Current Gene Therapy· 0 citations
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) remains a major clinical challenge
and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Its poor prognosis is driven
by substantial molecular heterogeneity, dynamic interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding
microenvironment, and the frequent development of therapeutic resistance. Among the signaling
pathways involved, Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Proline-rich tyrosine Kinase 2 (PYK2)
have emerged as important regulators that integrate oncogenic and microenvironmental signals,
thereby promoting tumor progression and resistance to therapy.
A narrative literature review was conducted using major scientific databases to evaluate
the mechanistic, preclinical, and clinical evidence regarding the role of FAK/PYK2 signaling in
NSCLC. Studies investigating pathway interactions, mechanisms of therapeutic resistance, combination
treatment strategies, and nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery systems were critically analyzed.
FAK and PYK2 function as central signaling hubs that connect key oncogenic pathways,
including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B
(PI3K/AKT), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), and Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and
Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. Activation of these kinases promotes cell proliferation,
survival, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and therapeutic resistance. Although
FAK/PYK2-targeted monotherapy has demonstrated limited clinical efficacy, rational combination
strategies involving EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, MAPK inhibitors, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy
have shown promising synergistic effects. In addition, nanocarrier-based delivery systems
may improve drug targeting and pharmacokinetic profiles while reducing systemic toxicity.
The adaptive quality of the disease calls for multi-pathway therapeutic strategies for
the treatment of NSCLC. Blocking FAK/PYK2 may interrupt the integrated signaling pathways
and compensatory mechanisms that contribute to resistance. Precision-guided combination regimens
aided by the use of biomarker-driven patient selection are critical when it comes to improving
clinical outcomes.
FAK and PYK2 represent promising therapeutic targets in NSCLC. Strategies involving
multi-pathway inhibition and advanced drug delivery platforms offer a rational approach to
suppress tumor growth and overcome therapeutic resistance. Further investigation in translational
and clinical settings is warranted to establish their therapeutic potential.
Shatrudhan Prajapati, Shabana Khatoon, A. Singh et al.· Current Enzyme Inhibition· 0 citations
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's, Parkinsons etc., are progressive and debilitating conditions that have little therapeutic intervention. Existing pharmacological interventions mainly provide symptomatic relief and do not respond to the pathophysiology of these diseases, which is complex and multifactorial and includes oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and protein misfolding. The synthesis of emerging evidence regarding the neuroprotective efficacy of phytotherapy is presented in this review, and the focus is on such traditional medicinal plants as Bacopa monnieri, Withania somnifera, and Centella asiatica. These botanicals have multi-target actions via bioactive compounds, such as bacosides, withanolides, and curcuminoids, that modulate cholinergic function and counteract the aggregation of amyloid beta residues, as well as support the integrity of mitochondria. The advanced delivery systems, like nano-formulations, are also highlighted in the review to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Along with pharmacological processes, integrative approaches that involve the use of phytotherapy, along with lifestyle changes and conventional medicine, are considered. Finally, this holistic model will help to shift phytotherapy to a primary approach to slowing neurodegeneration and enhancing the quality of life. The future directions are the clinical validation, standardization of compounds, and integration into personalized medicine models.
Shatrudhan Prajapati, Shikha Yadav, A. Singh et al.· Current Pharmaceutical Biote...· 0 citations
Breast cancer is also one of the most common causes of cancerrelated
deaths in the world, and this is mainly because of the therapeutic resistance and
immune evasion mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. An immunosuppressive
tumor microenvironment, characterized by dysfunctional immune cells and stromal impediments,
limits the efficacy of traditional treatments. The strategies of modulating the
tumor immune microenvironment using nanoparticles have become promising in improving
the outcome of immunotherapies.
A structured narrative review was conducted to evaluate the current
evidence on nanoparticle-mediated immune modulation in breast cancer. A comprehensive
literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases
to identify relevant studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible studies included
mechanistic, preclinical (in vitro and in vivo), and clinical investigations examining
nanoparticle-based immunotherapeutic approaches and their effects on the breast cancer
tumor immune microenvironment.
Nanoparticle-based systems, such as lipid-, polymeric-, inorganic-, and biomimetic
systems, can be used to deliver therapeutic agents that target key immune components,
including tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells, and Cytotoxic T
Lymphocytes (CTLs)s. These systems increase antigen presentation and (ICD), which can
be used to boost anti-tumor immune responses. Nonetheless, clinical translation remains
inadequate due to tumor heterogeneity, transport barriers mediated by the extracellular
matrix (ECM), variable delivery efficiency, and safety concerns.
Immunomodulatory strategies using nanoparticles enable immune reprogramming
and enhance therapeutic targeting in the tumor microenvironment. Although
promising preclinical results have been obtained, clinical use is limited due to variable
intratumoral distribution, non-uniform immune interactions, and the lack of standardized
assessment systems. These issues need to be addressed to enhance translational success.
Nanoparticle-mediated immune modulation is a prospective approach to
overcome immunosuppression in breast cancer. Future studies must aim to design nanoparticles
that maximize tumor uptake, incorporate predictive biomarkers, and optimize
clinical utility and therapeutic efficacy.
A. Singh, Shatrudhan Prajapati, Shikha Yadav et al.· Current Pharmacogenomics and...· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
