Evaluating Maritime Security Risks in the Black Sea Region: The Rtotal Index and Adaptive Response Strategies (2022–2024)
The Black Sea maritime transport system has experienced signiϐicant disruption since 2022 due to military conϐlict, geopolitical instability, and shifts in shipping routes. Under these conditions, maritime security has become a critical factor affecting navigational safety and macroeconomic resilience. This study refra...