ADVANCEMENTS IN AI-DRIVEN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY DETECTION: A SYSTEMATIC SURVEY OF METHODS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable vision impairment, requiring scalable and reliable screening solutions. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning and deep learning, has significantly advanced the automation of DR classification from retinal fundus images. This paper present...