A. Yilmaz

Performance of vision-language models compared with 252 medical students on text-only and image-based dermatology examinations

Vision–language models (VLMs) are increasingly evaluated in medical education, yet their performance on visually intensive assessments remains incompletely understood. We compared four state-of-the-art VLMs, GPT-4o and GPT-5 (both accessed via ChatGPT), Gemini 2.5 Flash, and Gemini 3 Pro, with fifth-year medical studen...