Neoadjuvant PD-L1/TGF-β blockade can rapidly disrupt the tumor stroma in head and neck cancer patients
BACKGROUND TGF-β drives fibroblast activation in cancer and is a resistance biomarker to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. METHODS Focusing on the tumor stroma, we characterized the impact of neoadjuvant treatment with bintrafusp alfa (BA), a dual PD-L1 and TGF-β inhibitor, in a window-of-opportunity study with 6 patients with head...