Digital-twin (DT) technology has evolved into a fundamental paradigm for integrating physical assets, processes, and systems with their dynamic digital counterparts, enabling real-time monitoring, simulation, prediction, optimization, and intelligent decision-making. This study presents a systematic review of 230 peer-...
This study proposes a hybrid ant colony optimization–backstepping control (ACO-BC) strategy for a multi-machine wind energy conversion system based on five-phase permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). The proposed strategy is developed to enhance the dynamic response, power regulation, robustness, and power q...