This study examines the macroeconomic and environmental factors influencing economic growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states from 1973 to 2023. Using a Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the authors analyze both short-term and long-term relationships between GDP and variables such as carbon...
E. M. B. Alorf, Suziana Hassan, Abdul Hafizh Mohd Azam et al.· Asian Journal of Economic Mo...· 0 citations
Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in economic development, energy demand, renewable-energy transition, and environmental quality. However, existing evidence remains fragmented and contradictory, particularly regarding whether FDI supports cleaner production through the Pollution Halo effect or inc...
E. M. B. Alorf, Suziana Hassan, Abdul Hafizh Mohd Azam et al.· Discover Environment· 0 citations
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