Heavy metals in water are a global concern due to their persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation potential, highlighting the need to assess their effects on aquatic organisms. The ecotoxicity of eight potentially toxic metal nitrates (Cd (0.002 mg/L), Co (0.02 mg/L), Cr (0.02 mg/L), Cu (0.001 mg/L), Mn (0.04 mg/L), N...