In Vitro antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and virulence-modulating activity of Cinnamomum verum-mediated iron oxide nanoparticles against carbapenem-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli.
BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) represent a critical antimicrobial resistance threat globally, with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) CRE isolates increasingly documented in both community and healthcare settings across the Middle East and worldwide. Conventional antibiotic options for CRE...