Management of Macular Hole: Pharmacological, Procedural, and Surgical Treatment-A Systematic Review
Background: Full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) impairs central vision. Although pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and gas tamponade is the standard treatment, the comparative effectiveness of surgical modifications, adjunctive therapies, and selected nonsurgical approaches remain...