Towards a Scalable Production of Staphylococcus epidermidis Extracellular Vesicles: Integration of Stirred-Tank Bioreactor and Ultrafiltration-Based Recovery
This work provides an integrated framework for Gram-positive EV manufacturing and supports future translational applications by suggesting that controlled STBR fermentation combined with UF enables a reproducible, scalable production of S. epidermidis EVs without compromising vesicle integrity.