Accuracy–Cost–Robustness Trade-Offs in Rigid Water Column Model-Trained Machine Learning Surrogates for Transient Leakage Prediction During Pressure-Reducing Valve Manoeuvres
Rapid leakage prediction during pressure-reducing valve manoeuvres requires models that reproduce inertial hydraulic effects at low computational cost. This study proposes a reproducible surrogate-modelling framework in which transient leakage responses are generated with an extended rigid water column model incorporat...