Opposing Manipulations of Insular Projections to the Bed Nuclei of the Stria Terminalis Converge on Behavioral Passivity
Adaptive stress coping involves flexible coordination of behavioral and neuroendocrine responses, yet how cortical regions orchestrate these outputs remains poorly understood. The insular cortex (IC) integrates interoceptive signals and projects to extended amygdala nuclei implicated in threat responses, including the...