Mechanisms underlying the inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine expression in knee osteoarthritis by rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharides via PI3K/AKT pathway activation at different concentrations.
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a persistent articular disorder primarily defined by cartilage degradation and inflammatory response, where chondrocyte apoptosis serves as a critical pathological mechanism. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate the effects of rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharides (RGP) on in...