RECENT ADVANCES IN HUMAN GENOME EDITING WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE "1000 YEARS OF HUMAN LIFE" PROJECT USING PRIME EDITING APPLICATIONS.
The discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their interaction with CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) genes was one of the greatest scientific breakthroughs of the century. The system was discovered as part of the adaptive immunity of bacteria and archaea, protecting them from plasmids and phages. CRISPR is considered a modern alternative to zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) and TALEN nucleases, because the same protein system, Cas9, is used to edit different genes - it is enough to change the short guide RNA to direct the enzyme to the desired DNA region. Due to its high precision and efficiency, the Cas9 protein, derived from the CRISPR type II system, has found wide application in various fields of science - from medicine and biotechnology to agriculture and basic research. Keywords: CRISPR–Cas9; gene editing; prime editing