Vascularization of Human iPSC‐Derived Kidney Organoids Using Perfusion Culture, Pre‐Vascularized Collagen Scaffolds, and Decellularized Extracellular Matrix
Exposure to the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus revealed dose‐dependent cytotoxicity and characteristic nephron and vascular injury, demonstrating the model's utility for nephrotoxicity screening and establishing foundations for physiologically relevant models for disease modeling and pre‐clinical drug testing.