Contrasting seasonal organization of Arctic dynamical and thermodynamic variability.
Arctic atmospheric circulation and near-surface temperature are physically coupled, yet it remains unclear whether their spatial coherence changes in the same way across seasons. Using ERA5 reanalysis for 1940-2024, we directly compare winter (DJF) and summer (JJA) anomalies of 500 hPa geopotential height (Z500) and 2 ...