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Annika M. Svedholm-Häkkinen

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Review Open access Aug 2026

The Civic Argument Literacy Test (CALT) – Foundations and Development

The Civic Argument Literacy Test (CALT) is a new instrument for measuring how individuals recognise, interpret, and evaluate arguments in civic discourse. This research essay sets out the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the CALT and, as its central contribution, the design principles underlying its ten diagno...

M. Hietanen, Annika M. Svedholm-Häkkinen · 0 citations

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