Emerging molecular mechanism of neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: A JAK/STAT and TGFβ/SMAD signaling crosstalk.
This review synthesizes current understanding of the mechanistic interplay between these critical pathways, proposing that the imbalance between JAK/STAT activation and TGF-β/SMAD suppression represents a key candidate regulatory interface governing the neuroinflammatory trajectory of PD.