Equatorial Electrodynamic Disturbances During the May and October 2024 Extreme Geomagnetic Storms: Implications for HF Communication and Geomagnetically Induced Current Risks in Indonesia
The effects of the two biggest storms of Solar Cycle 25, the intense geomagnetic storms of May 10–11 and October 10–11, 2024, on the Indonesian equatorial region are examined in this study. For the 500-kV Jawa-Madura-Bali (JAMALI) transmission network, geomagnetically induced current (GIC) modeling was integrated with...