This study investigates how speaking demotivation is experienced and interpreted by Iranian English as a Foreign Language learners and teachers through the lens of Self-Determination Theory (SDT), with particular attention to autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Thirty participants (15 learners and 15 teachers) from...
M. Davari, Arash Javadinejad· Language Teaching Research· 0 citations
This review examines how AI is integrated into EFL/ESL education across language skills, instructional domains, and educational contexts and conceptualises AI in EFL/ESL education as a pedagogical ecology in which tools, learners, teachers, feedback regimes, assessment practices, institutional infrastructures, and gove...
Arash Javadinejad, M. Davari· Frontiers in Education· 0 citations
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