Preparation and Characterization of a Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based Ocular Formulation for Enhanced Permeation of Timolol Maleate.
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE Timolol Maleate (TM) is primarily used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure. However, its efficacy is limited by poor ocular bioavailability (<5%) and systemic side effects. This study aimed to develop and evaluate Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan (LMWC)-based complexes in an eye formu...