Review
Open access
Aug 2026
Electromagnetic neuromodulation for chronic pain: historical context, contemporary modalities, and evidence gaps
This work reviews implanted neuromodulation approaches, highlighting the recurring patterns that have shaped the evolution of pain neuromodulation and outlining priorities for the field, including more rigorous trial design, standardized reporting of stimulation parameters and outcomes, and clearer indication-specific...
L. Di Pietro, C. Ramos-Estebanez, P. Gonzalez-Mego et al.
· Frontiers in Pain Research · 0 citations