Author

Arshad Mahmood

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Open access Aug 2026

Prediction and Proactive Congestion Mitigation in Software-Defined Networks Using a Hybrid Spatio-Temporal GCN–LSTM and Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework

This paper presents a hybrid Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven framework that integrates a Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network with Long Short-Term Memory (GCN–LSTM) for traffic prediction and a Dueling Deep Q-Network (DQN) for proactive routing optimization.

Arshad Mahmood, M. F. Nasim · International Journal of Inn... · 0 citations