Catecholamines modulate pathogen-probiotic-host interactions: insights from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pediococcus pentosaceus
It is demonstrated that catecholamines can modulate competitive interactions between commensal and pathogenic bacteria, suggesting that host neuroendocrine signals may contribute to shaping microbial community dynamics, regulating host–microbiota homeostasis, and influencing infection processes.