Robust RL–SMC Hierarchical Control for Leader–Follower Quadrotor Swarms in 3D Obstacle-rich Environments
Coordinated quadrotor swarms operating in cluttered environments must simultaneously achieve robust low-level stabilization and high-level, constraint-aware motion generation for safe formation flight. This paper proposes a hierarchical RL-SMC control framework for leader–follower quadrotor swarms navigating three-dime...