This review examines the evolving relationship between information security and data privacy within increasingly interconnected digital ecosystems. Its purpose is to clarify how technological architectures, institutional arrangements, legal frameworks, organisational practices, and human behaviour collectively shape the protection of information, personal data, and digital trust. A structured narrative review approach was adopted, synthesising peer-reviewed scholarship, authoritative standards, regulatory analyses, and selected studies from developed and developing contexts, including Nigeria and other African economies. The synthesis was organised thematically to identify findings, unresolved tensions, and research priorities.
The findings show that contemporary digital ecosystems have moved beyond bounded organisational systems toward platform-based, cloud-enabled, data-intensive, and cyber-physical environments characterised by distributed actors, complex data flows, and shared dependencies. Core security and privacy principles remain essential, but their effective application now requires identity assurance, zero-trust controls, privacy-enhancing technologies, lifecycle data governance, accountable platform design, and coordinated risk ownership. The review also identifies persistent threats arising from ransomware, phishing, insider behaviour, cloud misconfiguration, software supply chains, re-identification, adversarial artificial intelligence, and regulatory fragmentation. Legal protections have expanded internationally, yet disparities in enforcement capacity, institutional maturity, and cross-border coordination continue to limit consistent protection.
The study concludes that trustworthy digital participation depends on the integration of technical safeguards, enforceable rights, organisational culture, and transparent governance. It recommends embedding security and privacy by design, strengthening incident preparedness, improving workforce competence, enhancing regulatory cooperation, and adopting measurable accountability mechanisms. Future research should prioritise explainable security analytics, post-quantum migration, decentralised identity, privacy-preserving computation, cyber-physical resilience, and context-sensitive frameworks capable of addressing the distinctive infrastructural and institutional realities of African digital ecosystems.
Bisola Akeju, Shalom Alugwe, Ayokunle Olamide Ijagbemi· International Journal of Mul...· 0 citations
The increasing complexity of built-asset operations, rising service costs, and persistent efficiency constraints in emerging economies have intensified the need for more intelligent approaches to facility and property management. This study critically examines how digital systems and business intelligence capabilities can improve cost control, operational visibility, asset performance, and managerial decision-making across diverse property environments. A structured narrative review was adopted, drawing on interdisciplinary literature from facility management, real estate, construction, information systems, energy management, and business analytics, with particular attention to evidence from developing and emerging-market contexts.
The review finds that integrated data platforms, building information modelling, sensor-enabled monitoring, predictive analytics, digital dashboards, and automated reporting can reduce expenditure through energy optimisation, preventive maintenance, improved space utilisation, stronger procurement control, and more accurate lifecycle planning. It further reveals that these benefits depend on reliable data, interoperable systems, workforce competence, executive sponsorship, cybersecurity, and effective governance. Major barriers include fragmented records, inadequate infrastructure, high implementation costs, limited technical skills, weak standards, resistance to organisational change, and insufficient alignment between technology investments and operational priorities.
The study concludes that sustainable value is most likely when implementation is phased, problem-led, and supported by measurable performance baselines. Organisations should prioritise high-cost areas, strengthen data governance, develop staff capability, and scale technologies only after verified results. Policymakers and professional bodies should promote common standards, digital handover protocols, cybersecurity guidance, and sector-specific training. Future research should emphasise longitudinal evaluation, comparative regional studies, and locally calibrated models capable of assessing artificial intelligence, digital twins, and cloud-based solutions under emerging-market conditions. These measures can improve resilience, accountability, service quality, and long-term value.
Ogochukwu T Izuchukwu, Dominic Feboh, Ayokunle Olamide Ijagbemi et al.· International Journal of Mul...· 0 citations
The study concludes that enterprises should treat automation and data governance as an integrated strategic agenda rather than as separate technical initiatives and recommends governance-by-design, phased implementation, workforce reskilling, periodic maturity and impact assessments, stronger model and data inventories, and independent assurance for high-risk systems.
Bisola AkejuQ, Ayokunle Olamide Ijagbemi, Shalom Alugwe· International Journal of Mul...· 0 citations