The Effect of Dexmedetomidine versus Tramadol as an Adjuvant in Spinal Anesthesia in Femur Fracture Surgery
Background: Femur fracture surgery causes severe postoperative pain and requires prolonged, effective analgesia to support comfort and early mobilization. Spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine gives reliable intraoperative block but a limited duration of analgesia, so intrathecal adjuvants are used to prolong t...