Titanium Degradation Products from Dental Implants: Mechanisms of Release, Biodistribution, and Analytical Detection in Biological Matrices
Titanium-based implants remain among the most successful biomaterials in modern dentistry, but accumulating evidence demonstrates that titanium is not biologically inert under long-term physiological conditions. Mechanical loading, tribocorrosion, acidic and oxidative microenvironments, and biofilm-driven electrochemic...