The gut microbiota as a regulator of intestinal stem-cell fate: bacterial and fungal control of differentiation and regeneration
Abstract Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) sustain epithelial homeostasis and regeneration in a niche that is shaped by epithelial, stromal, immune, and microbial inputs. This review examines how bacterial and fungal signals influence ISC activity and epithelial repair through microbial metabolites, immune relays, and epith...