Transesophageal Echocardiography for Intraoperative Hemodynamic Assessment: A Physiology-Based, Phase-Oriented Practical Framework.
Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has evolved from a diagnostic adjunct into a real-time tool supporting perioperative decision-making in cardiac surgery. Although the 2025 American Heart Association Scientific Statement and the 2025 American Society of Echocardiography updates on diastolic and righ...