B. G. Otero

From Open Standards to Openly Governed: Standards-Setting Organizations as Stewards of Openness amid Platformization and Digital Sovereignty

This paper asks when open geospatial standards remain public infrastructure rather than becoming channels of enclosure, and frames this through four dimensions: Purpose, Principles, People and Processes, and Policies and Practices (the 4Ps framework) while stressing the limit that internal governance cannot solve alone...