A Nomogram Integrating Inflammatory Biomarkers and Echocardiographic Parameters for Predicting Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Risk in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Objective: Although echocardiography is the gold standard for diagnosing left ventricularoutflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), relying solely on imaging is insufficient for precise risk stratification, particularly in borderline or atypical patients, and fails to capture systemic patho...